December 2006 Entries
In this tutorial you will learn about C Language - The Preprocessor, Preprocessor directives, Macros, #define identifier string, Simple macro substitution, Macros as arguments, Nesting of macros, Undefining a macro and File inclusion. A unique feature of c language is the preprocessor. A program can use the tools provided by preprocessor to make his program easy to read, modify, portable and more efficient. C Language - The Preprocessor...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Dynamic Memory Allocation, Dynamic memory allocation. Memory allocations process, Allocating a block of memory, Allocating multiple blocks of memory, Releasing the used space and To alter the size of allocated memory. In programming we may come across situations where we may have to deal with data, which is dynamic in nature. The number of data items may change during the executions of a program. The number of customers in a queue can increase...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Pointers, Pointer declaration, Address operator, Pointer expressions & pointer arithmetic, Pointers and function, Call by value, Call by Reference, Pointer to arrays, Pointers and structures, Pointers on pointer. In c a pointer is a variable that points to or references a memory location in which data is stored. Each memory cell in the computer has an address that can be used to access that location so a pointer variable points to a memory...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Structures and Unions, Giving values to members, Initializing structure, Functions and structures, Passing structure to elements to functions, Passing entire function to functions, Arrays of structure, Structure within a structure and Union. Arrays are used to store large set of data and manipulate them but the disadvantage is that all the elements stored in an array are to be of the same data type. If we need to use a collection of different...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - File management in C, File operation functions in C, Defining and opening a file, Closing a file, The getw and putw functions, The fprintf & fscanf functions, Random access to files and fseek function. C supports a number of functions that have the ability to perform basic file operations, which include: 1. Naming a file 2. Opening a file 3. Reading from a file 4. Writing data into a file 5. Closing a file C Programming - File management in...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Functions (Part II) Nesting of functions, Recursion, Functions and arrays, The scope and lifetime of variables in functions, Automatic variables, External variables, Multi-file programs, Static variables and Register variables. Nesting of functions: C permits nesting of two functions freely. There is no limit how deeply functions can be nested. Suppose a function a can call function b and function b can call function c and so on. Consider the...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Functions (Part-I) Functions are used in c for the following reasons, Function definition, Types of functions, Functions with no arguments and no return values, Functions with arguments but no return values, Functions with arguments and return values, Return value data type of function and Void functions. The basic philosophy of function is divide and conquer by which a complicated tasks are successively divided into simpler and more manageable...
In this tutorial you will learn about Initializing Strings, Reading Strings from the terminal, Writing strings to screen, Arithmetic operations on characters, String operations (string.h), Strlen() function, strcat() function, strcmp function, strcmpi() function, strcpy() function, strlwr () function, strrev() function and strupr() function. A string is a sequence of characters. Any sequence or set of characters defined within double quotation symbols is a constant string. In c it is required to...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Linked Lists, Structure, Advantages of Linked List, Types of linked list and Applications of linked lists.A linked list is called so because each of items in the list is a part of a structure, which is linked to the structure containing the next item. This type of list is called a linked list since it can be considered as a list whose order is given by links from one item to the next. C Programming - Linked Lists...
In this tutorial you will learn about Single character input output, String input and output, Formatted Input For Scanf, Input specifications for real number, Input specifications for a character, Printing One Line, Conversion Strings and Specifiers, Specifier Meaning. One of the essential operations performed in a C language programs is to provide input values to the program and output the data produced by the program to a standard output device. We can assign values to variable through assignment...
In this tutorial you will learn about Expressin in C programming language - Arithmetic Expressions, Evaluation of Expressions, Precedence in Arithmetic Operators, Rules for evaluation of expression, Type conversions in expressions, Implicit type conversion, Explicit Conversion and Operator precedence and associativity, Arithmetic Expressions An expression is a combination of variables constants and operators written according to the syntax of C language. In C every expression evaluates to a value...
In this tutorial you will learn about Operators, Arithmetic operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Assignment Operators, Increments and Decrement Operators, Conditional Operators, Bitwise Operators and Special Operators. An operator is a symbol which helps the user to command the computer to do a certain mathematical or logical manipulations. Operators are used in C language program to operate on data and variables. C has a rich set of operators which can be classified as C Programming...
In this tutorial you will learn about C language data types, Primary data type, Integer Type, Floating Point Types, Void Type, Character Type, Size and Range of Data Types on 16 bit machine, derived data type, Declaration of Variables, User defined type declaration, Declaration of Storage Class, auto, static, extern, register, Defining Symbolic Constants, Declaring Variable as Constant and Volatile Variable A C language programmer has to tell the system before-hand, the type of numbers or characters...
In this tutorial you will learn about Character Set, C Character-Set Table, Special Characters, White Space, Keywords and Identifiers, Constants, Integer Constants, Decimal Integers, Octal Integers, Hexadecimal integer, Real Constants, Single Character Constants, String Constants, Backslash Character Constants [Escape Sequences] and Variables. Instructions in C language are formed using syntax and keywords. It is necessary to strictly follow C language Syntax rules. Any instructions that mis-matches...
In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming Lanuage, Overview of C, Sample program - Printing a message, Executing a C Program and Basic structure of C programs. C is a programming language. It is most popular computer language today because it is a structured high level, machine independent language. Programmers need not worry about the hardware platform where they will be implemented. Dennis Ritchie invented C language. Ken Thompson created a language which was based upon a language known...
Microsoft has redesigned SQL server 2005 to deliver unprecedented value and functionality to the Database Administrator and the Developer. The four editions of the SQL server are Express, workgroup, Standard and Enterprise. Each of these editions offers a range of features. High scalability, availability with advanced business intelligence tools empowers business users with a more secure, reliable and productive database management system. A reduced downtime and tight security controls make for a...
In this tutorial you will learn about Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Syntax, Rule set, Combining selectors, The class selector, The id selector and Comments Rule set A rule or rule set tells the browser how to render an element, the rule set consists of the following: The selector: represents the HTML element to be affected by the rule.. The declaration block: represents the effect to be applied to the element(s), and it contains one or more property value pairs. More on CSS Syntax...
In this tutorial you will learn about Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Introduction to CSS, What you should already know? History, What is CSS? CSS saves a lot of work and time, CSS reduces the file size of HTML documents and CSS can be designed for different media. Read more on CSS Introduction
In this tutorial you will learn about Structural Patterns - Adapter, Bridge, Composite and Proxy. You will also learn about Behavioral Patterns - Iterator and Observer. Highlights of the Adapter Design Pattern are: This is a Structural Design Pattern and focuses on how the objects interact relationships/interfaces between entities and objects. The key players are Read More on Structural and Behavioral Design Patterns...
Creational Design is one of the Design Patterns used with .NET. In this tutorial you will learn about Creational Design Patterns, Factory Method, Abstract Factory, Builder, Prototype and Singleton. Creational Patterns : Factory Method Abstract Factory Builder Prototype Singleton Read more on Creational Design Patterns...
This article reviews some of the architecture Design patterns for Enterprise Applications built using the .NET Platform. Application Architecture: Software Applications come in all shapes and sizes. Based on their design and architecture enterprise applications can be classified into various categories such as: Distributed Applications Web Applications Web Services Smart Client Applications This article reviews some of the architecture Design patterns for Enterprise Applications built using the .NET...
Creational Design is one of the Design Patterns used with .NET. In this tutorial you will learn about Creational Design Patterns, Factory Method, Abstract Factory, Builder, Prototype and Singleton. Creational Patterns : Factory Method Abstract Factory Builder Prototype Singleton More on Creational Design Patterns
This article provides an overview of the C# Language. The various elements and building blocks of the C# language are explained. What is C# all about? C# was developed at Microsoft. It is an object-oriented programming language and provides excellent features such as strong type checking, array bounds checking and automatic garbage collection. We will explore these and several other features in this article. C# has features that make it an excellent choice for developing robust distributed n-tier...
This Article discusses “What is Type Safety?” in the context of .NET, What is Type Safety? How does Type Safety affect us? Why is Type Safety Important? Writing Type-Safe Code. How is Type Safety ensured? What is Verifiable Type Safe Code? Verification process, How to determine if the code is type safe? What if the Code is not verifiably type safe? and What can happen if the Code is not verifiably type safe? Read More on . NET Type Safety...
Remoting enables software components to interact across application domains. The components interacting with each other can be in different processes and systems. This enables us to create n-tier Distributed applications. For more details on N-tier Applications see the article on n-tier Applications in this series. In this article we try to explain .NET Remoting in a clear and concise manner. Read More on .NET Remoting...
In this tutorial you will learn about Quantifiers, Grouping constructs, Backreferences, Backreference Constructs, Alternation Constructs, Miscellaneous Constructs, System.Text.RegularExpressions Namespace, Delegates in the namespace System.Text.RegularExpressions and Typical Examples of Regular Expressions. Read More on Regular Expressions in C# - Quantifiers and Delegates
This Article explores the concept of Regular Expressions in the context of C#, .NET support for Regular Expressions, Meta-characters and their Description, Character Escapes, Substitutions, Character Classes, Regular Expression Options and Atomic Zero-Width Assertions. Read More on Regular Expressions and C#, .NET
This article discusses Inheritance concepts in the context of C#. Before we understand Inheritance in C# it is important to understand the key players involved, viz. Objects, Classes and Structs. Classes and Structs are ‘blue-prints’ or templates from which we instantiate (create) objects. Example a car may be created based on its blue print. Car is the object and blue print is the class (or template). Read More on Inheritance in C#...
This article explores the N-tier and Distributed Application Architecture. Over the last decade, the way applications are designed has evolved and come a long way. We have stand-alone applications, server based applications, client server applications, web based applications, n-tier applications, distributed applications, Peer-to-peer apps, service-oriented Architectures, component based Development and the list goes on. This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages of n-tier applications...
Most programmers are used to passing data in methods as input and output parameters. Imagine a scenario where you wish to pass methods around to other methods instead of data. Amazed! Read further. Consider a scenario where you need to make a ‘business decision’ in your program, to make a decision you need data. To get data you need to call a method. However the method name is not known at design time. It will only be known at run time. In this case you need to pass the unknown method as a parameter....
An evolution has occured in the CRM industry over the last ten years. While most Customer relationship management systems started out as mere department server systems, the have now become much more integrated. Much of the CRM software available today will function on a portfolio level, and information will be shared between a number of different programs. The newest CRM tools have become very functional with the Internet, and these tools are responsible for the integration of a number of different...
Even though CRM stands for Customer relationship management, there is more to this system than the name suggests. To understand how this system can benefit your business, it is first important to understand the many functions that are connected to it. Customer relationship management is not a linear term, not matter what the name may indicate. In a nutshell, CRM deals with the many interactions a company will have with their customers. The central goal of this system is to improve the relationship...
A company that wants to succeed can use forums for the purpose of building a stronger relationship with their customers. At the same time, there are a number of disadvantages to forums that should also be mentioned. If you fail to use them properly, or you abuse them, a forum can become your worst enemy, and can actually hurt your marketing efforts. Overall, forums are a powerful tool that has become very popular with the advent of the Internet. There are a number of reasons for this. First, customers...
While it must be emphasized that CRM is not a technology, there are a number of technical issues that need to be considered when a company decides to implement a CRM system. The first technical issue that needs to be analyzed is scalability. In a nutshell, the CRM system must be very scalable, and the volue of information within the system should never reach an end. It must be able to grow over time as the company collects more information. The CRM systems which are the most scalable are also the...
Customer relationship management is a concept that became very popular during the 1990s. It offered long term changes and benefits to businesses that chose to use it. The reason for this is because it allowed companies to interact with their customers on a whole new level. While CRM is excellent in the long term, those who are looking for short term results may not see much progress.One of the reasons for this is because it was difficult to effectively track customers and their purchases. It is also...
Customer relationship management is a business strategy that companies will use to enhance both their customer service and profits. By increasing the satisfaction of their customers by building a stronger relationship with them, the company can gain new customers, and it can also become highly competitive in the market. While many people use the term CRM to refer to software programs, it is more correctly applied to a broad business strategy. The software is merely a tool that is used to achieve...
The Customer relationship management architecture can be broken down into three categories, and these are operational, collaborative, and analytical. Each plays an important role in Customer relationship management, and a company that wants to success must understand the importance of using these three components successfully.The software is merely a tool that is used to achieve the goals of the company. To understand the basics of CRM, you must first learn a bit about how this system works. The...
Last time we looked at Web 2.0 and what differentiates it from older paradigms for Internet products. One of the differentiators is the use of Rich Client Interfaces. Ajax is possibly the most popular Rich Client technology and used in such applications as Google Maps and Google Mail. Last time we looked at Web 2.0 and what differentiates it from older paradigms for Internet products. One of the differentiators is the use of Rich Client Interfaces. Ajax is possibly the most popular Rich Client technology...
Last time we created an Ajax application that wrapped an XML request in a SOAP envelope and called a web service. The web service returned another SOAP stream with a listing of theaters, movies and show times. We settled for showing the data in a textarea. In this installment we'll go the final yard and parse the XML into tabular data to be displayed in the browser. If you look at file ajax2b.html you'll see that the "updateMe()" method has been updated to call the ActiveXObject "Microsoft.XMLDOM"....
Last time we looked at Ajax and how to create a remote call to a service. We passed no parameters and received a simple text string. In this installment, we look at calling a web service using the SOAP protocol and XML. The response will come back to us in an XML document which we will display in a textarea.As explained in the article “Introduction to Web Services” , a web service is basically a web site that receives a request and processes it and returns XML instead of HTML. The XML must have a...
Hello all, I am back with free time after long big Call center project based on Genesys .. Hope to spend time posting new things and update my blog... Thanks, John