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PHP Tutorial - Installation

John Jacob — Sat, 06 Jan 2007 07:35:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about PHP - Installation steps involved in Installing Apache server, Installing PHP 4 and Installing PHP 5.

Installing Apache server:

1- Download the installer from Apache site:
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
2- Double-click on the installer file to start the installation process.
3- You will get a welcome screen, select Next to continue the installation process.
4- You will be prompted to accept the Apache license.
5- After you accept the license, the installer presents you with a brief introduction to Apache.
6- Then the installer will ask you to provide basic information about your computer.
7- The next screen enables you to choose the type of installation.
8- If everything goes well, it will present you with the final screen.

PHP Installation

PHP Tutorial - Syntax

John Jacob — Sat, 06 Jan 2007 07:37:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about PHP Syntax - Syntax for Writing a script, Scripts VS. File and Comments

Writing a script:

To embed PHP code inside a file, it has to be inside a special set of opening and closing tags.
PHP supports the following tags sets:
1. Opening (< ?php) and closing (? >)
2. Opening (< ?) and closing (? >)
3. Opening (< %) and closing (% >)
4. Opening (< script language=”php” >) and closing (< /script >)

PHP Syntax

PHP Tutorials - Data Types

John Jacob — Sat, 06 Jan 2007 07:40:00 GMT

In this PHP Tutorial you will learn about PHP Data Types viz. Numeric values, String values, Boolean values, Arrays, Objects and NULL

Numeric values:

There are two numeric values in PHP, they are:

1. integer: Integer numbers don’t have floating point, for example, 5, 12, 1567

2. real: or floating point numbers, real number has a floating point, for example, 2.3

There are three ways to represent the numeric values:

1. base 10 numbers: They are represented using digits from 1 to 9, with an optional (.) for floating point if the value is real.

2. base 8 numbers: They are represented by preceding the number by zero ‘0’, and it only permits the digits from 0 to 7, example 023, which is the same as 19

3. base 16 numbers: They are represented by preceding zero and x ‘0x’, and it permits the digits from 0 – 9 and characters from ‘A’ to ‘F’, for example, 0x3f, which is the same as 63

PHP Data Types

PHP Tutorial - Introduction

John Jacob — Sat, 06 Jan 2007 07:31:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about PHP - Introduction to PHP, What you should already know? What’s PHP? What’s the difference between PHP and HTML? When to use PHP? What makes PHP a choice among the other scripting languages?

PHP Introduction

C Language - The Preprocessor

John Jacob — Sat, 30 Dec 2006 02:01:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Language - The Preprocessor, Preprocessor directives, Macros, #define identifier string, Simple macro substitution, Macros as arguments, Nesting of macros, Undefining a macro and File inclusion.

A unique feature of c language is the preprocessor. A program can use the tools provided by preprocessor to make his program easy to read, modify, portable and more efficient.

C Language - The Preprocessor

C Programming - Dynamic Memory allocation

John Jacob — Sat, 30 Dec 2006 02:00:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Dynamic Memory Allocation, Dynamic memory allocation. Memory allocations process, Allocating a block of memory, Allocating multiple blocks of memory, Releasing the used space and To alter the size of allocated memory.

In programming we may come across situations where we may have to deal with data, which is dynamic in nature. The number of data items may change during the executions of a program. The number of customers in a queue can increase or decrease during the process at any time. When the list grows we need to allocate more memory space to accommodate additional data items. Such situations can be handled move easily by using dynamic techniques. Dynamic data items at run time, thus optimizing file usage of storage space.

C Programming - Dynamic Memory allocation

C Programming - Pointers

John Jacob — Sat, 30 Dec 2006 01:59:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Pointers, Pointer declaration, Address operator, Pointer expressions & pointer arithmetic, Pointers and function, Call by value, Call by Reference, Pointer to arrays, Pointers and structures, Pointers on pointer.

In c a pointer is a variable that points to or references a memory location in which data is stored. Each memory cell in the computer has an address that can be used to access that location so a pointer variable points to a memory location we can access and change the contents of this memory location via the pointer.

C Programming - Pointers

Programming - Structures and Unions

John Jacob — Sat, 30 Dec 2006 01:57:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Structures and Unions, Giving values to members, Initializing structure, Functions and structures, Passing structure to elements to functions, Passing entire function to functions, Arrays of structure, Structure within a structure and Union.

Arrays are used to store large set of data and manipulate them but the disadvantage is that all the elements stored in an array are to be of the same data type. If we need to use a collection of different data type items it is not possible using an array. When we require using a collection of different data items of different data types we can use a structure. Structure is a method of packing data of different types. A structure is a convenient method of handling a group of related data items of different data types.

C Programming - Structures and Unions

C Programming - File management in C

John Jacob — Thu, 28 Dec 2006 08:21:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - File management in C, File operation functions in C, Defining and opening a file, Closing a file, The getw and putw functions, The fprintf & fscanf functions, Random access to files and fseek function.

C supports a number of functions that have the ability to perform basic file operations, which include:
1. Naming a file
2. Opening a file
3. Reading from a file
4. Writing data into a file
5. Closing a file

C Programming - File management in C

C Programming - Linked Lists

John Jacob — Thu, 28 Dec 2006 08:10:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Linked Lists, Structure, Advantages of Linked List, Types of linked list and Applications of linked lists.A linked list is called so because each of items in the list is a part of a structure, which is linked to the structure containing the next item. This type of list is called a linked list since it can be considered as a list whose order is given by links from one item to the next.

C Programming - Linked Lists

C Programming - Handling of character string

John Jacob — Thu, 28 Dec 2006 08:12:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about Initializing Strings, Reading Strings from the terminal, Writing strings to screen, Arithmetic operations on characters, String operations (string.h), Strlen() function, strcat() function, strcmp function, strcmpi() function, strcpy() function, strlwr () function, strrev() function and strupr() function.

A string is a sequence of characters. Any sequence or set of characters defined within double quotation symbols is a constant string. In c it is required to do some meaningful operations on strings they are:

Handling of character string

C Programming - Functions (Part-I)

John Jacob — Thu, 28 Dec 2006 08:14:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Functions (Part-I) Functions are used in c for the following reasons, Function definition, Types of functions, Functions with no arguments and no return values, Functions with arguments but no return values, Functions with arguments and return values, Return value data type of function and Void functions.

The basic philosophy of function is divide and conquer by which a complicated tasks are successively divided into simpler and more manageable tasks which can be easily handled. A program can be divided into smaller subprograms that can be developed and tested successfully.

C Programming - Functions (Part-I)

C Programming - Functions (Part-II)

John Jacob — Thu, 28 Dec 2006 08:16:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C Programming - Functions (Part II) Nesting of functions, Recursion, Functions and arrays, The scope and lifetime of variables in functions, Automatic variables, External variables, Multi-file programs, Static variables and Register variables.

Nesting of functions:

C permits nesting of two functions freely. There is no limit how deeply functions can be nested. Suppose a function a can call function b and function b can call function c and so on. Consider the following program:

C Programming - Functions (Part-II)

C Programming Language - Data Types

John Jacob — Tue, 26 Dec 2006 07:15:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about C language data types, Primary data type, Integer Type, Floating Point Types, Void Type, Character Type, Size and Range of Data Types on 16 bit machine, derived data type, Declaration of Variables, User defined type declaration, Declaration of Storage Class, auto, static, extern, register, Defining Symbolic Constants, Declaring Variable as Constant and Volatile Variable

A C language programmer has to tell the system before-hand, the type of numbers or characters he is using in his program. These are data types. There are many data types in C language. A C programmer has to use appropriate data type as per his requirement.

C Programming Language - Data Types

C Programming - Managing Input and Output Operations

John Jacob — Tue, 26 Dec 2006 07:22:00 GMT

In this tutorial you will learn about Single character input output, String input and output, Formatted Input For Scanf, Input specifications for real number, Input specifications for a character, Printing One Line, Conversion Strings and Specifiers, Specifier Meaning.

One of the essential operations performed in a C language programs is to provide input values to the program and output the data produced by the program to a standard output device. We can assign values to variable through assignment statements such as x = 5 a = 0 ; and so on. Another method is to use the Input then scanf which can be used to read data from a key board. For outputting results we have used extensively the function printf which sends results out to a terminal. There exists several functions in ‘C’ language that can carry out input output operations. These functions are collectively known as standard Input/Output Library. Each program that uses standard input / out put function must contain the statement.

Managing Input and Output Operations