For those of you, like me with a memory like a seive.. here's a quick 101 on linux/unix commands:
Help/Manual (to get help on a command or shell):
man eg:
man cp
The following will show details of how to work within a shell, ie syntax for pipes, scripting etc
man sh
man bash
Once within man:
= scroll down 1 line
= scroll down 1 page
Q = quit.
Display contents of a file or output stream:
more
Once within man:
= scroll down 1 line
= scroll down 1 page
Q = quit.
List files in a dir:
ls (file/dir names only) eg:
ls
ls *.txt
ls -l (full listing of file/dir details)
ls -l
ls -l *.txt
Redirect output stream (of a command) to a file:
> (overwrite) eg:
ls > files.txt
>> (append) eg:
ls >> files.txt
Pipe output string (of a command) to another command:
| eg:
ls | more
Change directory:
cd
Show current directory:
pwd
Copy:
cp
Move & Rename:
mv
Delete/Remove file:
rm
Delete/Remove directory:
rm -r
Filter data:
grep '' eg:
ls -l | grep 'myfile'
The search can be inverted with -v eg:
ls -l |grep -v 'myfile'
Count occurances of something:
grep -c eg?:
ls -l |grep -c 'myfile'
or by using wc eg:
ls -l | wc -l
Find a file containing:
find . |xargs grep -il 'text to search for'
Tar - to create a tar file:
tar -cvfz (Create,Verbose,File,gZip) eg
tar cvfz upgrade_datasynapse.tyar.gz datasynapse
z (gzip) is optional - if you want to compress/zip the tar
UnTar - to extract a tar file:
tar -xvfz (eXtract,Verbose,File,gZip) eg
tar xvfz upgrade_datasynapse.tyar.gz
z (gzip) is optional - if you want to uncompress/unzip the tar
List contents of aTar file:
tar -tvfz (lisT,Verbose,File,gZip) eg
tar tvfz upgrade_datasynapse.tyar.gz
z (gzip) is optional - if the tar file is compressed/zipped
Show processes:
ps -ef
Show process tree:
pstree -ahp
Show resource usage (cpu, memory, time, etc):
top
Note that top shows a line for each thread. To make it show processes only (one line per process) type Shift-H when top is running.
Edit a file:
if you're a masocist use:
vi
or:
use a GUI (KDE/gnome) text editor
or:
Setup Samba (file system sharing) on your linux box and use a Windows editor
or:
Setup an ftp server on your linux box then use a cool windows editor called EditPlus (www.editplus.com) as it has FTP support built into it so it can Open/Save files to/from an FTP server.
Show disk usage:
df -k
Estimate disk usage:
du -k | sort -n
Print files:
lp